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CD glossary

Every term a bank might put in front of you, explained in one line each — with the calculator that turns it into a number.

Banking vocabulary is small but load-bearing: the gap between APY and APR decides which offer wins, “grace period” names the short window that stops your money auto-renewing at a worse rate, and “ownership category” is the phrase that decides whether a large balance is genuinely insured. Skim the list once and the fine print on any CD disclosure becomes readable.

APY
Annual percentage yield — the yearly return once compounding is included. The one figure that compares CD offers fairly.
APY ↔ APR Converter
APR / nominal rate
The rate as quoted, before compounding. Convert it into APY before comparing anything.
APY ↔ APR Converter
Term
The length of the commitment, running from three months to five years or more. Match it to the date you need the money.
CD Interest
Maturity
The date on which the term ends and the money becomes available penalty-free.
Maturity Date
Grace period
The 7–10 days following maturity in which you can withdraw or move the money before it auto-renews.
Maturity Date
Auto-renewal
A rollover into a fresh identical term at the current posted rate when you do nothing at maturity.
CD Renewal
Early withdrawal penalty
A charge worth a fixed number of months of interest for closing a CD before maturity — it never shrinks as maturity nears.
Early Withdrawal
Principal bite
What happens when the penalty outstrips the interest earned, so the bank takes the rest from your deposit.
Early Withdrawal
No-penalty CD
A certificate you can close early free of charge, usually in return for a lower rate.
No-Penalty CD
Bump-up CD
A CD that permits one mid-term rate increase should the bank raise its rates.
CD Renewal
Add-on CD
A CD that takes further deposits after opening, at the rate originally locked.
Add-On CD
Jumbo CD
A certificate carrying a high minimum — usually $100,000 — and sometimes a premium rate.
Jumbo CD
Brokered CD
A bank CD sold through a brokerage; you exit by selling at market price instead of paying a penalty. How it differs from a bank CD.
No-Penalty CD
Zero-coupon CD
Bought at a discount, pays face value at maturity, and taxed on its accrual every year.
Zero-Coupon CD
Phantom income
Interest taxed before it reaches you — the yearly accrual on a zero-coupon CD.
Zero-Coupon CD
CD ladder
Several CDs held with staggered maturities, so a portion frees up each year. Why and how to build one.
CD Ladder Builder
Rung
A single certificate inside a ladder.
CD Ladder Builder
Blended APY
The weighted average yield across every CD you hold.
CD Ladder Builder
FDIC insurance
Federal deposit insurance that covers $250,000 per depositor, per bank, per ownership category.
FDIC Coverage
NCUA share insurance
The credit-union counterpart to FDIC coverage, carrying the same limits.
FDIC Coverage
Share certificate
What a credit union calls a CD.
CD Interest
1099-INT
The tax form that reports interest of $10 or more credited to you during a year — below that it is still taxable.
CD Tax
Real return
Yield once inflation is removed — what your purchasing power genuinely gained.
Real Return